Primary sources 1: charters
Most of the names in the lists have been compiled from the Dutch Charterbooks.
There is a considerable overlap between these books.
Furthermore, a charter written in one region, may (and often will) mention persons from other regions.
Each charter book contributed a considerable number (at least 100) of names to the compilation.
The abbreviations have been used on the name list pages at this site.
- DB = Diplomata Belgica
- Gysseling, M. & Koch, A.C.F., Diplomata Belgica ante annum millesium centesimum scripta,
Belgisch inter-universitair centrum voor Neerlandistiek, Brussel, 1950.
The Flemish charters untill 1100. Also contains charters from Wichmond (region East).
- E = Fontes Egmundenses
- Oppermann, O., Fontes Egmundenses, Kemink, Utrecht, 1933.
Possessions of the Egmond abbey in North-Holland (region West), mainly centuries 11 and 12.
- GR = Grierson
- Grierson, P., Les annales de Saint-Pierre de Gand et de Saint-Amand, Palais de Académies, Bruxelles, 1937.
Records of donations and annals of the Flemish abbeys Blandinienses, Elmarenses, Formoselenses, and Elnonenses.
- OGD = Groningen and Drente Charterbook
- Blok, P.J, Feith, J.A., Gratama, S., Reitsma, J. & Rutgers, C.P.L, Oorkondenboek van Groningen en Drente, I: tot 1372, Wolters, Groningen, 1896.
Charters from the Northern and Eastern regions.
- OGZ = Gelre and Zutfen Charterbook
- Sloet, L.A.J.W., Oorkondenboek der graafschappen Gelre en Zutfen, Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage, 1872.
Charters from the Eastern and Central regions.
- OHZ = Holland and Zeeland Charterbook
- Koch, A.C.F., Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland tot 1299, I: eind van de 7e eeuws tot 1222, Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage, 1970.
Mainly names from region West, and also quite a few from Flanders.
- ONB = Brabant Charterbook
- Camps, H.P.H., Oorkondenboek van Noord-Brabant tot 1312, I: de Meierij van 's-Hertogenbosch, Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage, 1979.
Dillo, M., Van Synghel, G.A.M. & van der Vlist, E.T., Oorkondenboek van Noord-Brabant tot 1312, II: Breda en Bergen op Zoom, Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis, 's-Gravenhage, 2000.
Charters from Noord-Brabant, containing names from the regions South and Flanders.
- OSU = Utrecht Charterbook
- Muller, S. & Bouman, A.C., Oorkondenboek van het Sticht Utrecht tot 1301, I: tot 1197, Oosthoek, Utrecht, 1920.
Names from the Central region, and from region East, which also belonged to the diocese Utrecht.
- TF = Traditiones Fuldenses
- Dronke, E.F.J., Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses, Muller, Fulda, 1844.
Chapter 7 in the Traditiones Fuldenses contains names from the Northern region, mainly 9th century.
- W = Werdener Urbare
- Kötzschke, R., Rheinische Urbare, Zweiter band: Die Urbare der Abtei Werden a.d. Ruhr, Behrendt, Bonn, 1906.
Possessions of and donations to the abbey of Werden in Germany.
Contains lots of names from the Low Lands, especially region North.
Primary sources 2: narrative sources
Additional names in the lists were derived from contemporary narrative sources.
Each of the following sources provided a small number of names from the Low Lands (10 or less, except where noted) .
The abbreviations have been used on the name list pages at this site.
- AF = Annales Fuldenses, MGH SRG 7.
- Also in: Rau, R. (ed.), Quellen zur karolingischer Reichsgeschichte III, Darmstadt, 1969.
- AH = Annales Hersfeldensis (Lambert), MGH SS 3. Also in FMA.
- ASC = Anglo Saxon Chronicle
- In: Whitelock, D., English Historical Documents c. 500-1042, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1955.
- A complete electronic edition of the Anglo Saxon Chronicle can be found at www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1f.html.
- In the year 897, three Frisian sailors are mentioned.
- AQ = Annales Quedlinburgensis, MGH SS 3. Also in FMA.
- AV = Annales Vedastini, MGH SRG. Also in FMA.
- Bede = Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- In: Whitelock, D., English Historical Documents c. 500-1042, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1955.
- Beowulf = Beowulf
- Heaney, S. (translation into modern English), Beowulf, Faber & Faber, London, 1999.
- The famous Finnsburg episode names two Frisians: Finn and Focwald.
- FG = Fredegar: Chronica, MGH SRM 2. Also in FMA.
- GH = Gesta Hammaburgensis (Adam von Bremen), MGH SRG. Also in FMA.
- LexFr = Lex Frisionum, MGH LL 3.
- Also in: Nieuwenhuijsen, K. (introduction and translation into Dutch and English), Lex Frisionum, www.keesn.nl/lex.
- The Frisian law from the time of Charlemagne. The Lex names two Frisian scholars: Saxmundus and Wlemarus.
- LHF = Liber Historiae Francorum, MGH SRM 2. Also in FMA.
- M = Alpertus Mettensis: De Diversitate Temporum, MGH SS 4.
- Also in: Van Rij, H. (introduction and translation into Dutch), Gebeurtenissen van deze tijd, Alpertus Mettensis / Alpertus van Metz, Verloren, Amsterdam, 1980.
- History of the Low Lands around the year 1000. About 20 names from the Central region.
- RC = Regino: Chronicon, MGH SRG. Also in FMA.
- Also in: Rau, R. (ed.), Quellen zur karolingischer Reichsgeschichte III, Darmstadt, 1969.
- TM = Thietmar von Merseburg: Chronicon, MGH SS 3. Also in FMA.
- VBo = Life of Boniface (Willibald), MGH SS 2.
- Also in: Whitelock, D., English Historical Documents c. 500-1042, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1955.
- VGr = Life of Gregorius (Ludger), MGH SS 15-1. Also in PLD vol. 99.
- VLa = Life of Lambert (Sigebert), MGH SRG. Also in in PLD vol. 160.
- VLg = Life of Liudger (Altfrid), MGH SS 2. Also in PLD vol. 99.
- Contains about 60 names from the Low Lands, 8th and 9th century.
- VLw = Life of Lebwin (Hucbald), MGH SS 2. Also in PLD vol. 132.
- VVr = Life of Vulfram (Vita Vulframni episcopi Senonici), MGH SRM 5.
- VWf = Life of Wilfrid (Fridegod), PLD vol. 133.
- VWh = Life of Willehad (Anskar), MGH SS 2. Also in PLD vol. 133.
-
- FMA = Fontes medii aevi - Quellensammlung zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte, Heptagon GbR, Berlin, 1999 (CD edition).
- MGH = Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
- LL - Leges,
- SRG - Scriptores rerum Germanicarum,
- SRM - Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum,
- SS - Scriptores.
- PLD = Patrologia Latina Database, published at the Cornell library website.
Other references
The following articles and books were used to determine meanings of elements, for writing the Composition rules, and for comparisons with other cultures.
- Chedeville, A.
- L'Anthroponymie Bretonne. In: M. Bourin & P. Chareille (eds.), Genese medievale de l'anthroponymie moderne, Tome II-1, Université de Tours, 1992, pp. 9 - 40.
- Clark, Ph.
- Notes On (Early) Old English Personal Names, Newcastle University Arthurian Society, 1987.
http://www.millennia.demon.co.uk/ravens/essays.htm
- Ebeling, R.A.
- Voor- en familienamen in Nederland, Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, ’s Gravenhage, 1993.
A clear overview of the rules for composing a Germanic name.
- Gysseling, M.
- Kenmerken van de Oudnederlandse persoonsnamen in de Vroege Middeleeuwen. In: A. Weijnen (ed.), Frankisch, Merovingisch, Karolingisch, Van Gorcum & Comp., Assen, 1965, pp 63 - 75.
- de Jong, A. & A. Kruijssen (eds.)
- Huizinga’s Complete lijst van Voornamen, Tirion, Baarn, 1998.
Where Van der Schaar (1992, see below) could not provide information, I used Huizinga's list for the meanings of roots.
The list is set up in a delightfully systematic way, but unfortunately it gives no years.
- Künzel, R.E., D.P. Blok & J.M. Verhoef.
- Lexicon van nederlandse toponiemen tot 1200, Meertens-Instituut, Amsterdam, 1988.
- Leys, O.
- De oudste vrouwennamen in Zuid-Nederland. In: Vlaamse vrouwennamen en Hollandse naamgeving in de Middeleeuwen,
KNAW, Amsterdam, 1959, pp 5 - 28.
- Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, Sdu Uitgeverij, 1998.
- The Middle Dutch dictionary, conveniently available on CD-ROM, was used for the translation of nicknames.
- van der Schaar, J.
- Uit de wordingsgeschiedenis der Hollandse doop- en familienamen, Van Gorcum & Comp., Assen, 1953.
This classic study on Dutch names provides rules for pronunciation, spelling, and the composition of names.
- van der Schaar, J.
- Woordenboek van Voornamen, Spectrum, Utrecht (1992, orig. 1964).
A dictionary of modern and historic Dutch names. This book was my primary reference for finding the meaning of elements. See also the Meertens Instituut website, below.
- Stark, F.
- Die Kosenamen der Germanen, Sändig, Wiesbaden, 1967 (orig. 1868).
Interesting digital links
- Medieval names in the Low Lands
- www.keesn.nl/name13 - given names and bynames in the High Middle Ages: 1250 - 1300.
- www.keesn.nl/nordic - Nordic names in the Low Countries.
- www.keesn.nl/sources - Dutch medieval sources.
- The Medieval Names Archive
- www.s-gabriel.org/names -
the perfect starting point for medieval and dark age names from various cultures. For the present study, the following pages in The Medieval Names Archive were consulted:
Names of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Varangian Guard and in Russia, by Christie L. Ward, 2004,
http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/vikbynames.html
Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók, by Sara L. Friedemann, 1999,
http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/vikbynames.html
Viking Names found in the Landnámabók, by Sara L. Friedemann, 2003,
www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/landnamabok.html
The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions, by Christer Romson, 2000,
www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/
10th Century Frisian Masculine Names, by Brain Scott, 2001,
www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/frisianmasc/ -
a list of 130 names, based on a selection made by Stark (1967, see above) from the circa 700 Frisian names in the Werdener Urbare. All these names from Werden are listed on the present site.
Dutch Womens' Names before 1100, by Brian R. Speer,
www.geocities.com/Athens/1336/name1100vr.html -
a list of 300 Flemish female names, mostly copied from Leys (1959, see above) who, in turn, used the Diplomata Belgica as his source (see above). Thus, most names are also listed on the present site.
- Frühmittellateinisches Rechtswörterbuch
- http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/homepage/c303/c30310/liberexq.html -
dictionary medieval Latin - modern German by Gerhard Köbler (html-file, 4 Mb).
- Fryslân side (a.k.a. 'the Redbad pages')
- http://home.hetnet.nl/~adevanderwal -
the history of Frisia, by Ade van der Wal. With an interesting discussion about the name 'Finn' (click 'Friese koningen').
- Gjallar
- www.gjallar.nl -
specific knowledge about the Norsemen in the Low Countries, gathered by Luit van de Tuuk.
- Indogermanisches Wörterbuch
- http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/homepage/c303/c30310/idgwbhin.html -
dictionary Indogermanic - modern German/modern English by Gerhard Köbler (Word-document, 5 Mb).
- Medieval Lands
- http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/index.htm - Genealogies of the European rulers by Charles Crawley.
With a concise and excellently documented overview of the counts of Holland and Frisia.
- Meertens Instituut of the KNAW (Royal Dutch Acedemy of Sciences)
- www.meertens.knaw.nl/voornamen/VNB - Dutch given names data bank, based on the latest edition of Prisma Voornamen, compiled by dr. J. van der Schaar, edited by dr. Doreen Gerritzen (13th edition, Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht 2000). In Dutch.
On the same site, also only in Dutch:
www.meertens.knaw.nl/nfd - the Dutch family names data bank.
- PASE database
- http://eagle.cch.kcl.ac.uk:8080/pase/index.jsp -
information about Anglo-Saxon England.
- Wieringen Home Page
- www.pagowirense.nl/ - by Jan-Simon Hoogschagen. Sections of documents with names on Wieringen (North Holland) in the first millennium.
- Woden's Harrow
- home.earthlink.net/~wodensharrow - loads of Asatru stuff, and with interesting link pages for Germanic history, language and culture.
|
